Least privilege in automated processes – Security Compliance with AWS Config, AWS Security Hub, and Automated Remediation

Least privilege in automated processes

Often underestimated for automated processes, applying PoLP is just as crucial as it is for human users. By granting specific permissions tailored to the operational requirements of automated tasks such as code scanning, build, or deployment, we ensure these processes operate within a tightly controlled security boundary. This approach minimizes the attack surface by ensuring that automated tasks cannot perform actions beyond their intended scope, thereby significantly reducing the risk of exploitation by malicious actors. Consider revisiting Chapter 3 for further guidance and best practices on utilizing IAM to enforce the least privilege principle effectively.

Secure repository and artifact access

Securing access to code repositories and artifacts is a critical aspect of maintaining the integrity and security of the CI/CD pipeline:

• Code repositories: Implement IAM permissions to regulate access to code repositories such as CodeCommit. Create granular IAM policies to control access, attaching these custom policies to IAM identities such as users and roles instead of using managed CodeCommit policies. This approach allows for more specific control, such as using resource-level permissions in IAM to specify who can perform actions such as git push and git pull. For instance, you can create a read-only user allowing git pull but not git push. These measures prevent unauthorized code modifications and maintain code base consistency.
• Artifact storage: Managing access to build artifacts and dependencies is equally important. Services such as CodeArtifact should be employed to control who can access and manage these artifacts. This includes setting permissions for uploading artifacts, fetching dependencies, and version management. Granular IAM policies can be used to control access to artifacts at the repository or package level. Proper control over artifact storage prevents unauthorized modifications and ensures that only secure, verified components are used in the build process.

Managing secrets

Handling sensitive data such as API keys, third-party credentials, and secrets is crucial in CI/CD pipelines. AWS Secrets Manager securely stores, manages, and retrieves database credentials, API keys, and other secrets. As discussed in Chapter 5, while Secrets Manager is specifically designed for handling secrets, AWS Systems Manager (SSM) Parameter Store can also provide a broader solution for managing configuration data and secrets. The integration of these tools ensures that sensitive data is not hardcoded in the source code, thereby maintaining security and compliance. Moreover, AWS KMS can add an extra layer of encryption and access control to your secrets.